<bits/stdc++.h> in C++

It is basically a header file that includes every standard library. In programming contests, using this file is a good idea, when you want to reduce the time wasted in doing chores; especially when your rank is time sensitive. 
In programming contests, people do focus more on finding the algorithm to solve a problem than on software engineering. From, software engineering perspective, it is a good idea to minimize the include. If you use it actually includes a lot of files, which your program may not need, thus increases both compile time and program size unnecessarily. 
Disadvantages of bits/stdc++

• bits/stdc++.h is a non-standard header file of GNU C++ library. So, if you try to compile your code with some compiler other than GCC it might fail; e.g. MSVC do not have this header.
• Using it would include a lot of unnecessary stuff and increases compilation time.
• This header file is not part of the C++ standard and is therefore, non-portable, and should be avoided.
• Moreover, even if there were some catch-all header in the standard, you would want to avoid it in lieu of specific headers, since the compiler has to actually read in and parse every included header (including recursively included headers) every single time that translation unit is compiled.

Advantages of bits/stdc++

• In contests, using this file is a good idea, when you want to reduce the time wasted in doing chores; especially when your rank is time sensitive.
• This also reduces all the chores of writing all the necessary header files.
• You don’t have to remember all the STL of GNU C++ for every function you use.

Example : 

For example to use sqrt( ) function, in <bits/stdc++.h> header file we need not have to write <cmath> header file in the code.

C++

#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;

int main() {

    cout << sqrt(25);
    return 0;
}

//Compilation time 0.005s
//Code submitted by Susobhan AKhuli

Output

5

But if we use <iostream> header file, we have to write <cmath> header file to run the sqrt( ) function otherwise compiler shows that ‘sqrt’ was not declared in this scope.

C++

#include <iostream>
#include <cmath>
using namespace std;

int main() {

    cout << sqrt(25);
    return 0;
}

//Compilation time 0.003s
//Code submitted by Susobhan AKhuli

Output

5

So, the user can either use it and save the time of writing every include or save the compilation time by not using it and writing necessary header files.