A library refers to a collection of modules that together cater to a specific type of needs or application. Module is a file(.py file) containing variables, class definitions statements, and functions related to a particular task. Python modules that come preloaded with Python are called standard library modules.
Creating our module
We will be creating a module named tempConversion.py that converts values from F to C and vice-versa.
Python3
def to_centigrade(x):
return 5 * (x - 32 ) / 9.0
def to_fahrenheit(x):
return 9 * x / 5.0 + 32
FREEZING_C = 0.0
FREEZING_F = 32.0
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Now save this python file and the module is created. This module can be used in other programs after importing it.
Importing a module
In python, in order to use a module, it has to be imported. Python provides multiple ways to import modules in a program :
- To import the entire module :
import module_name
- To import only a certain portion of the module :
from module_name import object_name
- To import all the objects of the module :
from module_name import *
Using an imported module
After importing the module, we can use any function/definition of the imported module as per the following syntax:
module_name.function_name()
This way of referring to the module’s object is called dot notation.
If we import a function using from, there is no need to mention the module name and the dot notation to use that function.
Example 1 : Importing the whole module :
Python3
import tempConversion
print (tempConversion.to_centigrade( 12 ))
print (tempConversion.FREEZING_F)
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Output :
-11.11111111111111
32.0
Example 2 : Importing particular components of the module :
Python3
from tempConversion import to_fahrenheit
print (to_fahrenheit( 20 ))
from tempConversion import FREEZING_C
print (FREEZING_C)
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Output :
68.0
0.0
Python standard library functions
The python interpreter has a number of functions built into it that are always available. To use these built-in functions of python directly call the functions, like function_name(). Some built-in library functions are : input(), int(), float() etc
Python3
num = 5
print ( "Number entered = " , num)
onum = oct (num)
hnum = hex (num)
print ( "Octal conversion yields" , onum)
print ( "Hexadecimal conversion yields" , hnum)
print (num)
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Output :
Number entered = 5
Octal conversion yields 0o5
Hexadecimal conversion yields 0x5
5
Last Updated :
24 Jan, 2022
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