What is SlugField in Django?
It is a way of generating a valid URL, generally using data already obtained. For instance, using the title of an article to generate a URL. Let’s assume our blog have a post with the title ‘The Django book by Geeksforgeeks’ with primary key id= 2. We might refer to this post with
www.geeksforgeeks.org/posts/2.
Or, we can reference the title like
www.geeksforgeeks.org/posts/The Django book by Geeksforgeeks.
But the problem is spaces are not valid in URLs, they need to be replaced by %20 which is ugly, making it the following
www.geeksforgeeks.org/posts/The%20Django%20book%20by%20geeksforgeeks
But it is not solving meaningful URL. Another option can be
www.geeksforgeeks.org/posts/the-django-book-by-geeksforgeeks
So, the slug is now the-django-book-by-geeksforgeeks. All letters are down cased and spaces are replaced by hyphens -.
Assume that our Blog Post models look similar to this.
Python3
STATUS_CHOICES = ( ('draft', 'Draft'), ('published', 'Published'),)class Post(models.Model): title = models.CharField(max_length = 250) slug = models.SlugField(max_length = 250, null = True, blank = True) text = models.TextField() published_at = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add = True) updated = models.DateTimeField(auto_now = True) status = models.CharField(max_length = 10, choices = STATUS_CHOICES, default ='draft') class Meta: ordering = ('-published_at', ) def __str__(self): return self.title |
Adding Slugify to our project:
Now we need to find a way to convert the title into a slug automatically. We want this script to be triggered every time a new instance of Post model is created. For this purpose, we will use signals.
Note: Add new file util.py in the same directory where settings.py file is saved.
Python3
import string, randomfrom django.db.models.signals import pre_savefrom django.dispatch import receiverfrom django.utils.text import slugifydef random_string_generator(size = 10, chars = string.ascii_lowercase + string.digits): return ''.join(random.choice(chars) for _ in range(size))def unique_slug_generator(instance, new_slug = None): if new_slug is not None: slug = new_slug else: slug = slugify(instance.title) Klass = instance.__class__ max_length = Klass._meta.get_field('slug').max_length slug = slug[:max_length] qs_exists = Klass.objects.filter(slug = slug).exists() if qs_exists: new_slug = "{slug}-{randstr}".format( slug = slug[:max_length-5], randstr = random_string_generator(size = 4)) return unique_slug_generator(instance, new_slug = new_slug) return slug |
Signals in Django:
In many cases when there is a modification in a model’s instance we need to execute some action. Django provides us with an elegant way to handle these situations. The signals are utilities that allow associating events with actions. We can develop a function that will run when a signal calls it.
In models.py file of posts app where Post Model was defined, add this in the same file:
Python3
@receiver(pre_save, sender=Post)def pre_save_receiver(sender, instance, *args, **kwargs): if not instance.slug: instance.slug = unique_slug_generator(instance) |
The pre_save_receiver function should be placed separately outside the Post model.
Note: In urls.py edit detail path with path(‘posts/’, detail). In views.py edit the detail function with
Python3
def detail(request, slug): q = Post.objects.filter(slug__iexact = slug) if q.exists(): q = q.first() else: return HttpResponse('<h1>Post Not Found</h1>') context = { 'post': q } return render(request, 'posts/details.html', context) |
The last step is to add the link in HTML file <a href=”/posts/{{ a.slug }}” class=”btn btn-primary”>View</a>. Now we are ready to go to 127.0.0.1:8000/posts/title-you-have-added and it will show you the page details.html.
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