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A variation of Rat in a Maze : multiple steps or jumps allowed

A variation of rat in a maze
You are given an N * N 2-D matrix shaped maze (let’s call it M), there is a rat in the top-left cell i.e. M[0][0] and there is an escape door in the bottom-right cell i.e. M[N-1][N-1]. From each cell M[i][j] (0 ? i ? N-1, 0 ? j ? N-1) the rat can go a number of steps towards its right ( for eg: to M[i][j+ s]), or a number of steps downwards ( for eg: to M[i+ s][j]), where the maximum number of steps (or maximum value of s) can be the value in the cell M[i][j]. If any cell contains 0 then that is a dead-end. For eg: In the second picture in the figure below, the rat at M[0][0] can jump to a cell : M[0][1], M[0][2], M[1][0] or M[2][0].

You have to print a possible path from M[0][0] to M[N-1][N-1] in the form of a matrix of size N * N such that the cells that are in the path have a value 1 and other cells have a value 0. For the above example one such solution is :

There is a backtracking solution for this problem in this article.

Here a Dynamic Programming based solution is presented.

Examples: 

Input: mat[][] = { 
{3, 0, 0, 2, 1}, 
{0, 0, 0, 0, 2}, 
{0, 1, 0, 1, 0}, 
{1, 0, 0, 1, 1}, 
{3, 0, 0, 1, 1} } 
Output: 
1 0 0 1 1 
0 0 0 0 1 
0 0 0 0 0 
0 0 0 0 1 
0 0 0 0 1 

Input: mat[][] = { {0, 0}, {0, 1} } 
Output: No path exists 

Approach: 

Below is the implementation of the above approach: 




// C++ implementation of the approach
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
 
 
// Function to check whether the path exists
bool hasPath(vector<vector<int>> maze, vector<vector<int>>& sol,
                                     int N)
{
 
    for (int i = 0; i < N; i++)
        for (int j = 0; j < N; j++)
            sol[i][j] = 0;
 
    // Declaring and initializing CRF
    // (can reach from) matrix
    vector<vector<bool>> CRF(N);
    for (int i = 0; i < N; i++)
        CRF[i] = vector<bool>(N);
 
    for (int i = 0; i < N; i++)
        for (int j = 0; j < N; j++)
            CRF[i][j] = false;
    CRF[N - 1][N - 1] = true;
 
    // Using the DP to fill CRF matrix
    // in correct order
    for (int k = N - 1; k >= 0; k--) {
        for (int j = k; j >= 0; j--) {
 
            if (!(k == N - 1 && j == N - 1)) {
 
                // If it is possible to get
                // to a valid location from
                // cell maze[k][j]
                for (int a = 0; a <= maze[k][j]; a++) {
                    if ((j + a < N && CRF[k][j + a] == true)
                        || (k + a < N && CRF[k + a][j] == true)) {
                        CRF[k][j] = true;
                        break;
                    }
                }
 
                // If it is possible to get to
                // a valid location from cell
                // maze[j][k]
                for (int a = 0; a <= maze[j][k]; a++) {
                    if ((k + a < N && CRF[j][k + a] == true)
                        || (j + a < N && CRF[j + a][k] == true)) {
                        CRF[j][k] = true;
                        break;
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
 
    // If CRF[0][0] is false it means we cannot reach
    // the end of the maze at all
    if (CRF[0][0] == false)
        return false;
 
    // Filling the solution matrix using CRF
    int i = 0, j = 0;
    while (!(i == N - 1 && j == N - 1)) {
        sol[i][j] = 1;
        if (maze[i][j] > 0)
 
            // Get to a valid location from
            // the current cell
            for (int a = 1; a <= maze[i][j]; a++) {
                if ((j + a < N && CRF[i][j + a] == true)) {
                    j = j + a;
                    break;
                }
                else if ((i + a < N && CRF[i + a][j] == true)) {
                    i = i + a;
                    break;
                }
            }
    }
    sol[N - 1][N - 1] = 1;
 
    return true;
}
 
// Utility function to print the contents
// of a 2-D array
void printMatrix(vector<vector<int>> sol, int N)
{
    for (int i = 0; i < N; i++) {
        for (int j = 0; j < N; j++)
            cout << sol[i][j] << " ";
        cout << "\n";
    }
}
 
// Driver code
int main()
{
 
    vector<vector<int>> maze = { { 2, 2, 1, 1, 0 },
                        { 0, 0, 3, 0, 0 },
                        { 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 },
                        { 0, 0, 2, 0, 1 },
                        { 0, 0, 3, 0, 0 } };
    int N = maze.size();
    vector<vector<int>> sol(N,vector<int>(N));
 
    // If path exists
    if (hasPath(maze, sol, N))
 
        // Print the path
        printMatrix(sol, N);
    else
        cout << "No path exists";
 
    return 0;
}




// Java implementation of the approach
class GFG
{
static int MAX = 50;
 
// Function to check whether the path exists
static boolean hasPath(int maze[][],
                       int sol[][], int N)
{
    for (int i = 0; i < N; i++)
        for (int j = 0; j < N; j++)
            sol[i][j] = 0;
 
    // Declaring and initializing CRF
    // (can reach from) matrix
    boolean [][]CRF = new boolean[N][N];
 
    CRF[N - 1][N - 1] = true;
 
    // Using the DP to fill CRF matrix
    // in correct order
    for (int k = N - 1; k >= 0; k--)
    {
        for (int j = k; j >= 0; j--)
        {
 
            if (!(k == N - 1 && j == N - 1))
            {
 
                // If it is possible to get
                // to a valid location from
                // cell maze[k][j]
                for (int a = 0; a <= maze[k][j]; a++)
                {
                    if ((j + a < N && CRF[k][j + a] == true) ||
                        (k + a < N && CRF[k + a][j] == true))
                    {
                        CRF[k][j] = true;
                        break;
                    }
                }
 
                // If it is possible to get to
                // a valid location from cell
                // maze[j][k]
                for (int a = 0; a <= maze[j][k]; a++)
                {
                    if ((k + a < N && CRF[j][k + a] == true) ||
                        (j + a < N && CRF[j + a][k] == true))
                    {
                        CRF[j][k] = true;
                        break;
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
 
    // If CRF[0][0] is false it means we cannot reach
    // the end of the maze at all
    if (CRF[0][0] == false)
        return false;
 
    // Filling the solution matrix using CRF
    int i = 0, j = 0;
    while (!(i == N - 1 && j == N - 1))
    {
        sol[i][j] = 1;
        if (maze[i][j] > 0)
 
            // Get to a valid location from
            // the current cell
            for (int a = 1; a <= maze[i][j]; a++)
            {
                if ((j + a < N && CRF[i][j + a] == true))
                {
                    j = j + a;
                    break;
                }
                else if ((i + a < N && CRF[i + a][j] == true))
                {
                    i = i + a;
                    break;
                }
            }
    }
    sol[N - 1][N - 1] = 1;
 
    return true;
}
 
// Utility function to print the contents
// of a 2-D array
static void printMatrix(int sol[][], int N)
{
    for (int i = 0; i < N; i++)
    {
        for (int j = 0; j < N; j++)
            System.out.print(sol[i][j] + " ");
        System.out.println();
    }
}
 
// Driver code
public static void main(String[] args)
{
    int maze[][] = {{ 2, 2, 1, 1, 0 },
                    { 0, 0, 3, 0, 0 },
                    { 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 },
                    { 0, 0, 2, 0, 1 },
                    { 0, 0, 3, 0, 0 }};
    int N = maze.length;
    int [][]sol = new int [N][MAX];
 
    // If path exists
    if (hasPath(maze, sol, N))
 
        // Print the path
        printMatrix(sol, N);
    else
        System.out.println("No path exists");
    }
}
 
// This code is contributed by Princi Singh




// C# implementation of the approach
using System;
 
class GFG
{
static int MAX = 50;
 
// Function to check whether the path exists
static Boolean hasPath(int [,]maze,
                       int [,]sol, int N)
{
    int i, j, k;
    for (i = 0; i < N; i++)
        for (j = 0; j < N; j++)
            sol[i, j] = 0;
 
    // Declaring and initializing CRF
    // (can reach from) matrix
    Boolean [,]CRF = new Boolean[N, N];
 
    CRF[N - 1, N - 1] = true;
 
    // Using the DP to fill CRF matrix
    // in correct order
    for (k = N - 1; k >= 0; k--)
    {
        for (j = k; j >= 0; j--)
        {
            if (!(k == N - 1 && j == N - 1))
            {
 
                // If it is possible to get
                // to a valid location from
                // cell maze[k,j]
                for (int a = 0; a <= maze[k, j]; a++)
                {
                    if ((j + a < N && CRF[k, j + a] == true) ||
                        (k + a < N && CRF[k + a, j] == true))
                    {
                        CRF[k, j] = true;
                        break;
                    }
                }
 
                // If it is possible to get to
                // a valid location from cell
                // maze[j,k]
                for (int a = 0; a <= maze[j, k]; a++)
                {
                    if ((k + a < N && CRF[j, k + a] == true) ||
                        (j + a < N && CRF[j + a, k] == true))
                    {
                        CRF[j, k] = true;
                        break;
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
 
    // If CRF[0,0] is false it means we cannot
    // reach the end of the maze at all
    if (CRF[0, 0] == false)
        return false;
 
    // Filling the solution matrix using CRF
    i = 0; j = 0;
    while (!(i == N - 1 && j == N - 1))
    {
        sol[i, j] = 1;
        if (maze[i, j] > 0)
 
            // Get to a valid location from
            // the current cell
            for (int a = 1; a <= maze[i, j]; a++)
            {
                if ((j + a < N &&
                     CRF[i, j + a] == true))
                {
                    j = j + a;
                    break;
                }
                else if ((i + a < N &&
                          CRF[i + a, j] == true))
                {
                    i = i + a;
                    break;
                }
            }
    }
    sol[N - 1, N - 1] = 1;
 
    return true;
}
 
// Utility function to print the contents
// of a 2-D array
static void printMatrix(int [,]sol, int N)
{
    for (int i = 0; i < N; i++)
    {
        for (int j = 0; j < N; j++)
            Console.Write(sol[i, j] + " ");
        Console.WriteLine();
    }
}
 
// Driver code
public static void Main(String[] args)
{
    int [,]maze = {{ 2, 2, 1, 1, 0 },
                   { 0, 0, 3, 0, 0 },
                   { 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 },
                   { 0, 0, 2, 0, 1 },
                   { 0, 0, 3, 0, 0 }};
    int N = maze.GetLength(0);
    int [,]sol = new int [N, MAX];
 
    // If path exists
    if (hasPath(maze, sol, N))
 
        // Print the path
        printMatrix(sol, N);
    else
        Console.WriteLine("No path exists");
    }
}
 
// This code is contributed by Rajput-Ji




<script>
 
// JavaScript implementation of the approach
var MAX = 50;
 
// Function to check whether the path exists
function hasPath(maze, sol, N)
{
 
    for (var i = 0; i < N; i++)
        for (var j = 0; j < N; j++)
            sol[i][j] = 0;
 
    // Declaring and initializing CRF
    // (can reach from) matrix
    var CRF = Array.from(Array(N), ()=>Array(N));;
 
    for (var i = 0; i < N; i++)
        for (var j = 0; j < N; j++)
            CRF[i][j] = false;
    CRF[N - 1][N - 1] = true;
 
    // Using the DP to fill CRF matrix
    // in correct order
    for (var k = N - 1; k >= 0; k--) {
        for (var j = k; j >= 0; j--) {
 
            if (!(k == N - 1 && j == N - 1)) {
 
                // If it is possible to get
                // to a valid location from
                // cell maze[k][j]
                for (var a = 0; a <= maze[k][j]; a++) {
                    if ((j + a < N && CRF[k][j + a] == true)
                        || (k + a < N && CRF[k + a][j] == true)) {
                        CRF[k][j] = true;
                        break;
                    }
                }
 
                // If it is possible to get to
                // a valid location from cell
                // maze[j][k]
                for (var a = 0; a <= maze[j][k]; a++) {
                    if ((k + a < N && CRF[j][k + a] == true)
                        || (j + a < N && CRF[j + a][k] == true)) {
                        CRF[j][k] = true;
                        break;
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
 
    // If CRF[0][0] is false it means we cannot reach
    // the end of the maze at all
    if (CRF[0][0] == false)
        return false;
 
    // Filling the solution matrix using CRF
    var i = 0, j = 0;
    while (!(i == N - 1 && j == N - 1)) {
        sol[i][j] = 1;
        if (maze[i][j] > 0)
 
            // Get to a valid location from
            // the current cell
            for (var a = 1; a <= maze[i][j]; a++) {
                if ((j + a < N && CRF[i][j + a] == true)) {
                    j = j + a;
                    break;
                }
                else if ((i + a < N && CRF[i + a][j] == true)) {
                    i = i + a;
                    break;
                }
            }
    }
    sol[N - 1][N - 1] = 1;
 
    return true;
}
 
// Utility function to print the contents
// of a 2-D array
function printMatrix( sol, N)
{
    for (var i = 0; i < N; i++) {
        for (var j = 0; j < N; j++)
            document.write( sol[i][j] + " ");
        document.write("<br>");
    }
}
 
// Driver code
var maze = [ [ 2, 2, 1, 1, 0 ],
             [ 0, 0, 3, 0, 0 ],
             [ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ],
             [ 0, 0, 2, 0, 1 ],
             [ 0, 0, 3, 0, 0 ] ];
var N = maze.length;
var sol = Array.from(Array(N), ()=>Array(MAX));
// If path exists
if (hasPath(maze, sol, N))
    // Print the path
    printMatrix(sol, N);
else
    document.write( "No path exists");
 
 
</script>




# Python3 implementation of the approach
 
MAX=50
 
# Function to check whether the path exists
def hasPath(maze, sol,N):
 
    for i in range(N):
        for j in range(N):
            sol[i][j] = 0
 
    # Declaring and initializing CRF
    # can reach from matrix
    CRF =[[False]*N for _ in range(N)]
 
    for i in range(N):
        for j in range(N):
            CRF[i][j] = False
    CRF[N - 1][N - 1] = True
 
    # Using the DP to fill CRF matrix
    # in correct order
    for k in range(N-1,-1,-1):
        for j in range(k,-1,-1):
            if not(k == N - 1 and j == N - 1):
                # If it is possible to get
                # to a valid location from
                # cell maze[k][j]
                for a in range(maze[k][j]+1):
                    if (j + a < N and CRF[k][j + a]) or (k + a < N and CRF[k + a][j]):
                        CRF[k][j] = True
                        break
 
                # If it is possible to get to
                # a valid location from cell
                # maze[j][k]
                for a in range(maze[j][k]+1):
                    if ((k + a < N and CRF[j][k + a]) or (j + a < N and CRF[j + a][k])):
                        CRF[j][k] = True
                        break
 
    # If CRF[0][0] is false it means we cannot reach
    # the end of the maze at all
    if not CRF[0][0]:
        return False
 
    # Filling the solution matrix using CRF
    i = 0; j = 0
    while (not (i == N - 1 and j == N - 1)):
        sol[i][j] = 1
        if (maze[i][j] > 0):
 
            # Get to a valid location from
            # the current cell
            for a in range(1,maze[i][j]+1):
                if (j + a < N and CRF[i][j + a]):
                    j = j + a
                    break
                elif ((i + a < N and CRF[i + a][j])):
                    i = i + a
                    break
    sol[N - 1][N - 1] = 1
 
    return True
 
# Utility function to print the contents
# of a 2-D array
def printMatrix(sol, N):
    for i in range(N):
        for j in range(N):
            print(sol[i][j],end=" ")
        print()
 
# Driver code
if __name__ == '__main__':
 
    maze= [ [ 2, 2, 1, 1, 0 ],
            [ 0, 0, 3, 0, 0 ],
            [ 1, 0, 0, 0, 0 ],
            [ 0, 0, 2, 0, 1 ],
            [ 0, 0, 3, 0, 0 ] ]
    N = len(maze)
    sol=[[0]*N for _ in range(MAX)]
 
    # If path exists
    if (hasPath(maze, sol, N)):
 
        # Print the path
        printMatrix(sol, N)
    else:
        print("No path exists")
 
 # This code is contributed by Amartya Ghosh

Output
1 1 1 0 0 
0 0 1 0 0 
0 0 0 0 0 
0 0 1 0 0 
0 0 1 0 1 

Complexity Analysis:


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