Scope Resolution Operator vs this pointer in C++

Scope resolution operator is for accessing static or class members and this pointer is for accessing object members when there is a local variable with the same name.

Consider below C++ program:  

CPP

// C++ program to show that local parameters hide
// class members
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

class Test {
    int a;

public:
    Test() { a = 1; }

    // Local parameter 'a' hides class member 'a'
    void func(int a) { cout << a; }
};

// Driver Code
int main()
{
    Test obj;
    int k = 3;
    obj.func(k);
    return 0;
}

Output

3

Explanation: The output for the above program is 3 since the “a” passed as an argument to the func shadows the “a” of the class .i.e 1 

Then how to output the class’s ‘a’. This is where this pointer comes in handy. A statement like cout <<this->a instead of cout << a can simply output the value 1 as this pointer points to the object from where func is called.

CPP

// C++ program to show use of this to access member when
// there is a local variable with same name
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class Test {
    int a;

public:
    Test() { a = 1; }

    // Local parameter 'a' hides object's member
    // 'a', but we can access it using this.
    void func(int a) { cout << this->a; }
};

// Driver code
int main()
{
    Test obj;
    int k = 3;
    obj.func(k);
    return 0;
}

Output

1

How about Scope Resolution Operator?

We cannot use the scope resolution operator in the above example to print the object’s member ‘a’ because the scope resolution operator can only be used for a static data member (or class members). If we use the scope resolution operator in the above program we get compiler error and if we use this pointer in the below program, then also we get a compiler error.

CPP

// C++ program to show that scope resolution operator can be
// used to access static members when there is a local
// variable with same name
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

class Test {
    static int a;

public:
    // Local parameter 'a' hides class member
    // 'a', but we can access it using ::
    void func(int a) { cout << Test::a; }
};

// In C++, static members must be explicitly defined
// like this
int Test::a = 1;

// Driver code
int main()
{
    Test obj;
    int k = 3;
    obj.func(k);
    return 0;
}

Output

1