Sorted Array to Balanced BST
Given a sorted array. Write a function that creates a Balanced Binary Search Tree using array elements.
Examples:
Input: Array {1, 2, 3}
Output: A Balanced BST
2
/ \
1 3
Input: Array {1, 2, 3, 4}
Output: A Balanced BST
3
/ \
2 4
/
1
Algorithm
In the previous post, we discussed construction of BST from sorted Linked List. Constructing from sorted array in O(n) time is simpler as we can get the middle element in O(1) time. Following is a simple algorithm where we first find the middle node of list and make it root of the tree to be constructed.
1) Get the Middle of the array and make it root.
2) Recursively do same for left half and right half.
a) Get the middle of left half and make it left child of the root
created in step 1.
b) Get the middle of right half and make it right child of the
root created in step 1.
Following is C implementation of the above algorithm. The main code which creates Balanced BST is highlighted.
#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
/* A Binary Tree node */
struct TNode
{
int data;
struct TNode* left;
struct TNode* right;
};
struct TNode* newNode(int data);
/* A function that constructs Balanced Binary Search Tree from a sorted array */
struct TNode* sortedArrayToBST(int arr[], int start, int end)
{
/* Base Case */
if (start > end)
return NULL;
/* Get the middle element and make it root */
int mid = (start + end)/2;
struct TNode *root = newNode(arr[mid]);
/* Recursively construct the left subtree and make it
left child of root */
root->left = sortedArrayToBST(arr, start, mid-1);
/* Recursively construct the right subtree and make it
right child of root */
root->right = sortedArrayToBST(arr, mid+1, end);
return root;
}
/* Helper function that allocates a new node with the
given data and NULL left and right pointers. */
struct TNode* newNode(int data)
{
struct TNode* node = (struct TNode*)
malloc(sizeof(struct TNode));
node->data = data;
node->left = NULL;
node->right = NULL;
return node;
}
/* A utility function to print preorder traversal of BST */
void preOrder(struct TNode* node)
{
if (node == NULL)
return;
printf("%d ", node->data);
preOrder(node->left);
preOrder(node->right);
}
/* Driver program to test above functions */
int main()
{
int arr[] = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7};
int n = sizeof(arr)/sizeof(arr[0]);
/* Convert List to BST */
struct TNode *root = sortedArrayToBST(arr, 0, n-1);
printf("\n PreOrder Traversal of constructed BST ");
preOrder(root);
return 0;
}
Time Complexity: O(n)
Following is the recurrance relation for sortedArrayToBST().
T(n) = 2T(n/2) + C
T(n) --> Time taken for an array of size n
C --> Constant (Finding middle of array and linking root to left
and right subtrees take constant time)
The above recurrence can be solved using Master Theorem as it falls in case 2.
Please write comments if you find anything incorrect, or you want to share more information about the topic discussed above.
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void btree::makeSortedArrayTree(node **sr, int arr[], int start, int end) { if(start <= end) { int mid = (start+end)/2; if(!*sr) { node *temp = new node; temp->data = arr[mid]; temp->left = NULL; temp->right = NULL; temp->next = NULL; *sr = temp; } makeSortedArrayTree(&(*sr)->left, arr, start, mid-1); makeSortedArrayTree(&(*sr)->right, arr, mid+1, end); } } void btree::buildSortedTree(int arr[], int start, int end) { makeSortedArrayTree(&root, arr, start, end); }@Sudha: Thanks for pointing this out. We have updated the post. Keep it up!